Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/247

 and then, in the later language, such uses are represented by the optative alone. A few examples will be sufficient to illustrate this:

a. After relative pronouns and conjunctions in general: (RV.) which have shone forth [hitherto], and which shall hereafter shine forth;  (TS.) whoever shall be born of her, let him be one of us;  (AV.) whoever shall know them face to face, he may pass for a knowing priest;  (AV.) of sons born and whom thou mayest bear;  (AV.) to whosesoever house he may come as guest;  (ÇB.) in whatever way he may choose, so may he do it;  (TS.) when the sacrificing priest shall name the name of the offerer, then he may speak;  (MBh.) when thou shalt desire to see thine own form.

b. In more distinctly conditional constructions: (RV.) we will offer to the gods if we shall be able;  (RV.) if I were thou, Agni, or if thou wert I, thy wishes should be realized on the spot;  (AV.) though one steal far away beyond the sky, he shall not escape king Varuna;  (TS.) if he should continue without eating, he would starve; if he should eat, Rudra would attack his cattle;  (MBh.) if any man soever should desire me, he should suffer punishment. These and the like constructions, with the optative, are very common in the and later.

c. In final clauses: (AV.) that I may be a slayer of my enemies;  (RV.) that being praised with song ye may drink the draught;  (RV.) in order that we rejoice in thy wide protection;  (ÇB.) contrive that she come back again;  (MBh.) so that he may take pity on me. This is in the Veda one of the most frequent uses of the subjunctive; and in its correlative negative form, with in order that not or lest (always followed by an accented verb), it continues not rare in the Brāhmaṇas.

d. The indicative is also very commonly used in final clauses after : thus, (ÇB.) in order that this man may traverse the atmosphere;  (R.) so that no hindrance may arise;  (H.) it must be so managed that he perish.