Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/240

 to one ending in some other final. In the latter case, it is, accented; this is appended to the weaker form of the tense-stem, and takes the regular series of secondary endings, with, in 3d plur.,  instead of , and loss of the  before it. After an -stem, it is, unaccented; this blends with the final  to  (which then is accented or not according to the accent of the a); and the  is maintained unchanged before a vowel-ending , by means of an interposed euphonic.

b. In the middle voice, the mode-sign is throughout, and takes the secondary endings, with  in 1st sing., and  in 3d pl. After an -stem, the rules as to its combination to, the accent of the latter, and its retention before a vowel-ending with interposition of a , are the same as in the active. After any other final, the weaker form of stem is taken, and the accent is on the ending (except in one class of verbs, where it falls upon the tense-stem: see 645); and the (as when combined to ) takes an inserted  before the vowel-endings.

c. It is, of course, impossible to tell from the form whether or  is combined with the final of an -stem to ; but no good reason appears to exist for assuming, rather than the  which shows itself in the other class of stems in the middle voice.

566. The combined mode-sign and endings of the optative, then, are as follows, in their double form, for -stems and for others:

c. The is in the Veda not seldom resolved into.

d. The contracted, for , is found in TB. and Āpast. Certain Vedic 3d pl. middle forms in will be mentioned below, under the various formations.

567. Precative. Precative forms are such as have a sibilant inserted between the optative-sign and the ending. They are made almost only from the aorist stems, and, though allowed by the grammarians to be formed from every root — the active precative from the simple aorist, the middle from the sibilant aorist — are