Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/219

 a. The one,, is tolerably common (although only a third of its possible forms occur) in RV., but rare in AV., and almost unknown later, its nom. sing., in the three genders, is, and it makes the accusatives , and goes on through the remaining cases in the same manner as. It has in RV. the instr. fem. (for ). Instead of as nom. sing. fem. is also found.

b. The other is the usual demonstrative of nearer position, this here, and is in frequent use through all periods of the language. It prefixes to the simple root, forming the nominatives  — and so on through the whole inflection.

c. The stem has neither compounds nor derivatives. But from are formed both, in the same manner as from the simple, only much less numerous: thus,  (ÇB.), , etc., from the so-called stem ; and  and  from. And, like (498), is used to qualify pronouns of the 1st and 2d persons: e. g..

500. There is a defective pronominal stem,, which is accentless, and hence used only in situations where no emphasis falls upon it. It does not occur elsewhere than in the accusative of all numbers, the instr. sing., and the gen.-loc. dual: thus,

a. The RV. has instead of, and in one or two instances accents a form: thus,  (?). AB. uses also as nom. neut.

b. As is always used substantively, it has more nearly than  the value of a third personal pronoun, unemphatic. Apparent examples of its adjectival use here and there met with are doubtless the result of confusion with (499 b).

c. This stem forms neither derivatives nor compounds.

501. The declension of two other demonstratives is so irregularly made up that they have to be given in full. The one, अयम् etc., is used as a more indefinite demonstrative, this or that; the other, असौ  etc., signifies especially the remoter relation, yon or yonder.

a. They are as follows: