Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/218

{| class="_sgtable" ! D. Ab. ! G. ! L. b. The Vedas show no other irregularities of inflection than those which belong to all stems in and : namely,  sometimes; usually  for, du.; often  for , pl. neut.; usually  for , instr. pl.; and the ordinary resolutions. The RV. has one more case-form from the root, namely (occurring nearly half as often as ); and ChU. has once.
 * colspan=2|तेभ्यस् ||ताभ्यस्
 * colspan=2|तेषाम् || तासाम्
 * colspan=2|तेषु ||तासु
 * }

496. The peculiarities of the general pronominal declension, it will be noticed, are these:

a. In the singular, the use of (properly ) as ending of nom.-acc. neut.; the combination of another element with the root in masc. and neut. dat., abl., and loc., and of in fem. dat., abl.-gen., and loc.; and the masc. and neut. loc. ending, which is restricted to this declension (except in the anomalous , RV., once). The substitution in B. of for  as fem. ending (307 h) was illustrated at 365 d.

b. The dual is precisely that of noun-stems in and.

c. In the plural, the irregularities are limited to for  in nom. masc., and the insertion of instead of  before  of the gen., the stem-final being treated before it in the same manner as before  of the loc.

497. The stem of this pronoun is by the grammarians given as ; and from that form come, in fact, the derivative adjective, with ; and numerous compounds, such as , etc. These compounds are not rare even in the Veda: so , etc. But derivatives from the true root are also many: especially adverbs, as ; the adjectives  and ; and the compound  etc.

498. Though the demonstrative root is prevailingly of the third person, it is also freely used, both in the earlier language and in the later, as qualifying the pronouns of the first and second person, giving emphasis to them: thus,, this I, or I here;  or  thou there; , we here;  of me here,  in thee there, and so on.

499. Two other demonstrative stems appear to contain as an element; and both, like the simple, substitute  in the nom. sing. masc. and fem.