Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/210

 h. The use of before  of the gen. masc. and neut. after a final consonant of the stem is (as in : below, 483) a striking irregularity. The more regular gen. fem. also sometimes occurs. In the later language, the accentuation of the final syllable instead of the penult is said to be allowed in inst., dat.-abl., and loc.

483. The numbers from 5 to 19 have no distinction of gender, nor any generic character. They are inflected, somewhat irregularly, as plurals, save in the nom.-acc., where they have no proper plural form, but show the bare stem instead. Of (as of ),  is the gen. ending, with mutual assimilation (198 b) of stem-final and initial of the termination. (as accented in the older language) has an alternative fuller form,, which is almost exclusively used in the older literature (V. and B), both in inflection and in composition (but some compounds with are found as early as the AV.); its nom.-acc. is (usual later: found in RV. once, and in AV.), or  (RV.), or  (most usual in RV.; also in AV., B., and later).

a. The accent is in many respects peculiar. In all the accented texts, the stress of voice lies on the penult before the endings, and , from the stems in , whatever be the accent of the stem: thus, from  from  from  from  from  from  (according to the grammarians, either the penult or the final is accented in these forms in the later language). In the gen. pl., the accent is on the ending (as in that of, and -sterns): thus,. The cases of, and those made from the stem-form , have the accent throughout upon the ending.

b. Examples of the inflection of these words are as follows:

c. (in the later language, as  for ) and  and , with the compounds of  (11–19), are declined like , and with the same shift of accent (or with alternative shift to the endings, as pointed out above).

484. The Hindu grammarians give to the stems for 5 and 7–19 a final : thus,, and etc. This, however, has nothing to do with the demonstrably original final nasal of 7, 9, and 10 (compare septem, novem, decem; seven, nine, ten); it is only owing to the fact that, starting from such a stem-form, their inflection is made to assume a more regular aspect, the nom.-acc. having the form of a neut. sing. in, and the instr., dat.-abl., and loc. that of a neut. or masc. pl. in : compare