Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/208

 b. Or, the number to be added is compounded with redundant, and the compound is either made to qualify the other number or is further compounded with it: thus,  or  105. Of course, deficient (as also other words equivalent to  or ) may be used in the same way: thus,  95,  55;  160.

c. Syntactical combinations are made at convenience: for example, 110;  101.

479. Another usual method (beginning in the Brāhmaṇas) of forming the odd numbers above 100 is to qualify the larger number by an adjective derived from the smaller, and identical with the briefer ordinal (below, 487): thus,, 112 (lit'ly a hundred of a 12-sort, or characterised by 12); 144;  166.

480. To multiply one number by another, among the higher or the lower denominations, the simplest and least ambiguous method is to make of the multiplied number a dual or plural, qualified by the other as any ordinary noun would be; and this method is a common one in all ages of the language. For example: five fifties (250);  nine nineties (810);  with three eighties (240);  five hundreds;  three thousands;  60,000;  10,800: and, combined with addition,  333;  2095.

a. In an exceptional case or two, the ordinal form appears to take the place of the cardinal as multiplicand in a like combination: thus, (RV.) 36×4 (lit. four of the thirty-six kind);  (RV.) or  (ÇÇS. viii. 21. 1) 11×3.

b. By a peculiar and wholly illogical construction, such a combination as, which ought to signify 480 (3× 100+60 ), is repeatedly used in the Brāhmaṇas to mean 360 (3×100+60); so also 234 (not 268);  362; and other like cases. And even R. has 350.

481. But the two factors, multiplier and multiplied, are also, and in later usage more generally, combined into a compound (accented on the final); and this is then treated as an adjective, qualifying the numbered noun; or else its neuter or feminine (in ) singular is used substantively: thus, 1000;  (MBh.) with 600 foot-soldiers;  (AV.) 6333;  or  200;  1800.

a. In the usual absence of accentuation, there arises sometimes a question as to how a compound number shall be understood: whether, for example, is 108 or  800, and the like.