Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/207

 g. The numbers 21–29 are made like those for 31–39; the numbers 41–49, 51–59, 71–79, and 91–99 are made like those for 61–69.

h. The forms made with and  are more usual than those with  and, which are hardly to be quoted from the older literature (V. and Br.). The forms made with (instead of ) are alone found in the older literature (483), and are usual in the later.

477. The above are the normal expressions for the odd numbers. But equivalent substitutes for them are also variously made. Thus:

a. By use of the adjectives deficient and  redundant, in composition with lesser numbers which are to be subtracted or added, and either independently qualifying or (more usually) in composition with larger numbers which are to be increased or diminished by the others: thus,  sixty deficient by three (i. e. 57);  ninety increased by eight (i. e. 98);  a hundred increased by one (i. e. 101);  100 less 5 (i. e. 95). For the nines, especially, such substitutes as 20 less 1, or 19, are not uncommon; and later the  1 is left off, and  etc. have the same value.

b. A case-form of a smaller number, generally one is connected by  not with a larger number from which it is to be deducted: thus,  (ÇB. PB. KB.) not thirty by one (29);  (ÇB.) not eighty by two (78);  (ÇB.) not four hundred by five (395);  (in ordinal) 49 (TS.);  (abl. fem. : 307 h)  49 (TS.); most often,  (i. e., irregular abl. for )  19;  99. This last form is admitted also in the later language; the others are found in the Brāhmaṇas.

c. Instances of multiplication by a prefixed number are occasionally met with: thus, thrice seven;  thrice nine;  thrice ten.

d. Of course, the numbers to be added together may be expressed by independent words, with connecting and: thus,, or ninety and nine;  two and twenty. But the connective is also (at least, in the older language) not seldom omitted: thus, 99;  33;  88.

478. The same methods are also variously used for forming the odd numbers above 100. Thus:

a. The added number is prefixed to the other, and takes the accent: for example, 101;  108;  130;  128;  (RV.: unless the accent is wrong) 1004;  1080.