Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/203

 470. Of peculiarities and irregularities of formation, the following may be noticed:

a. The suffix has in a few instances the briefer form, generally as alternative with the other: thus,  and ,  and ,  and ,  and ; and so from  and ;  occurs alone. From come  and, beside which RV. has also.

b. Of roots in, the final blends with the initial of the suffix to : thus, , , ; but such forms are in the Veda generally to be resolved, as ,. The root forms, but  (like ).

c. The two roots in, and , form  and  and  and.

d. From the root of come, without strengthening,  and ; but in the older language also, more regularly,  and.

471. The suffixes of secondary derivation are तर and तम. They are of almost unrestricted application, being added to adjectives of every form, simple and compound, ending in vowels or in consonants — and this from the earliest period of the language until the latest. The accent of the primitive remains (with rare exceptions) unchanged; and that form of stem is generally taken which appears before an initial consonant of a case-ending (weak or middle form).

a. Examples (of older as well as later occurrence) are: from vowel-stems,, , and  (RV.), , , ; — from consonant-stems, , , ,  and , , , , , , ; — from compounds, , , , , , , ,.

b. But in the Veda the final of a stem is regularly retained; thus,  and, ; and a few stems even add a nasal: thus, , ,. In a case or two, the strong stem of a present participle is taken: thus,, ; and, of a perfect participle, the weakest stem: thus, ,. A feminine final is shortened: thus,  (RV.),  (K.).