Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/195

 j. Feminine stems of this class are occasionally (but the case is much less frequent than its opposite: above, c) found with the nasal: thus, (AV., once),  (ÇB.; but probably from the secondary -stem),  (S.), and, in the epics and later, such forms as, , , , ,.

450. A few words are participial in form and inflection, though not in meaning. Thus:

a. (often written ) great; it is inflected like a participle (with  and  in du. and pl. neut.).

b. great; inflected like a participle, but with the irregularity that the  of the ending is lengthened in the strong forms: thus,, ;  (neut. ); , : instr. etc.

c. speckled, and (in Veda only)  shining.

d. moveable, lively (in the later language, as neuter noun, world), a reduplicated formation from √ go; its nom. etc. neut. pl. is allowed by the grammarians to be only.

e. small (only once, in RV., ).

f. All these form their feminine in only: thus,, ,  and  (contrary to the rule for participles),.

g. For tooth, which is perhaps of participial origin, see above, 396.

451. The pronominal adjectives and  are inflected like adjectives in  and, having (452)  and  as nom. masc. sing., and  as nom. etc. du. neut. and as feminine stems, and and  as nom. etc. plur. neut.

a. But the neut. pl. and the loc. sing. (?) are found in RV.

452. The adjectives formed by these two suffixes are inflected precisely alike, and very nearly like the participles in अन्त्. From the latter they differ only by lengthening अ in the nom. sing. masc.

a. The voc. sing. is in, like that of the participle (in the later language, namely: for that of the oldest, see below, 454 b). The neut. nom. etc. are in the dual only (or ), and in the plural  (or ).

b. The feminine is always made from the weak stem: thus,, (or , ). One or two cases of instead of  are met with: thus,  (B. and later),  (C.).