Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/194

 449. The feminine participle-stem, as already stated, is made by adding ई to either the strong or the weak stem-form of the masc.-neut. The rules as to which of the two forms shall be taken are the same with those given above respecting the nom. etc. dual neuter; namely:

a. Participles from tense-stems ending in unaccented add  to the strong stem-form, or make their feminines in.

b. Such are the or unaccented -class and the  or -class of present-stems (chap. IX.), and the desideratives and causatives (chap. XIV.): thus, from √ (stem ), ; from √ (stem ), ; from  and  (desid. and caus. of √),  and.

c. Exceptions to this rule are now and then met with, even from the earliest period. Thus, RV. has, and AV. the desiderative ; in B. occur, , , and in S. further , and the causative ; while in the epics and later such cases (including desideratives and causatives) are more numerous (about fifty are quotable), though still only sporadic.

d. Participles from tense-stems in accented may add the feminine-sign either to the strong or to the weak stem-form, or may make their feminines in  or in  (with accent as here noted).

e. Such are the present-stems of the or accented -class (751 ff.), the -futures (932 ff.), and the denominatives (1053 ff.): thus, from √ (stem ),  or ; from  (fut. of √),  or ; from  (denom. of ),  or.

f. The forms in from this class are the prevailing ones. No future fem. participle in is quotable from the older language. From pres.-stems in are found there  and  (RV.),  and  (AV.). From denominatives, (RV.),  and  (AV.). In BhP. occurs.

g. Verbs of the or root-class (611 ff.) ending in  are given by the grammarians the same option as regard the feminine of the present participle: thus, from √,  or. The older language affords no example of the former, so far as noted.

h. From other tense-stems than those already specified — that is to say, from the remaining classes of present-stems and from the intensives — the feminine is formed in (or, if the stem be otherwise accented than on the final, in ) only.

i. Thus, from √;  from √;  from √;  from √;  from √;  from √;  from  (intens. of √).