Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/189

 from —, ; ; ;

from — ;, , ;

from —, , , ; ;  or  (accus.),.

a. In the oldest language (RV.), however, the strong stem is only : thus,, nom. sing.;, acc. sing.;, nom. pl.; and even in AV., and  are rare compared with the others. From occur also the nom. pl. and gen. pl. . RV. has once, acc. pl., with long.

434. The stems m. stirring-stick, and  m., an epithet of Indra, are given by the grammarians the same inflection with ; but only a few cases have been found in use. In V. occur from the former the acc. sing. , and gen. pl. (like the corresponding cases from ); from the latter, the nom. sing. and voc. pl., like the corresponding Vedic forms of ; but also the acc. sing. and nom. pl., which are after quite another model.

435. Original adjective stems in are almost exclusively those made with the suffix, as  sacrificing,  pressing the soma,  conquering. The stem is masc. and neut. only (but sporadic cases of its use as fem. occur in RV.); the corresponding fem. stem is made in : thus,,.

436. Adjective compounds having a noun in as final member are inflected after the model of noun-stems; and the masculine forms are sometimes used also as feminine; but usually a special feminine is made by adding  to the weakest form of the masculine stem: thus,, , ,.

437. But (as was pointed out above: 429 a) nouns in occurring as final members of compounds often substitute a stem in  for that in : thus, -, -, -, -; their feminine is in. Occasional exchanges of stems in and in  also occur: thus,  and.

a. The remaining divisions of the consonantal declension are made up of adjective stems only.

438. The stems of this division are those formed with the suffixes इन्, मिन् , and विन्. They are