Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/183

 In like manner, चक्षुस् n. eye forms चक्षुषा, चक्षुर्भ्याम् , चक्षूंषि , and so on.

415. Vedic etc. Irregularities. a. In the older language, the endings - (acc. sing.) and - (generally nom.-acc. pl.; once or twice gen.-abl. sing.) of stems in are not infrequently contracted to -, - — e. g., ; ,  — and out of such forms grow, both earlier and later, substitute-stems in , as , ,. So from other forms grow stems in and in, which exchange more or less with those in  through the whole history of the language.

b. More scattering irregularities may be mentioned, as follows: 1. The usual masc. and fem. du. ending in instead of ; — 2. f. dawn often prolongs its in the other strong cases, as in the nom. sing.: thus,, , (and once in a weak case, ); and in its instr. pl. occurs once (RV.) instead of ; —  3. from is once (RV.) found a similar dual, ; — 4. from and  occur in RV. a nom. sing. masc. in, as if from a stem in ; and in the Brāhmaṇas is found the dat.-abl. pl. of like formation.

c. The stems in and  also show transitions to stems in  and, and in  and. From is once (RV.) made the nom. sing,, after the manner of an -stem (cf. also ÇB.).

416. The grammarians regard m. as regular stem-form of the proper name noticed above (355 a), but give it the irregular nom. and the voc. or or. Forms from the -stem, even nom., are sometimes met with in the later literature.

a. As to forms from -stems to or  and  or, see below, 430.