Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/181

 a. The feminine stems are, , , respectively.

b. No example of the middle forms excepting the nom. etc. sing. neut. (and this generally used as adverb) is found either in RV. or AV. In the same texts is lacking the nom. etc. pl. neut. in ; but of this a number of examples occur in the Brāhmaṇas: thus,, , , , ,.

409. a. Like are inflected, , , , , and others of rare occurrence.

b. Like are inflected  (i.e. ),  (+, with irregularly inserted ), and  (weakest stem : +, with  inserted in weakest cases only), with a few other rare stems.

c. Like is inflected, also three or four others of which only isolated forms occur.

d. Still more irregular is, of which the weakest stem is (+: the other stems are made from + or , with the inserted ).

410. The accentuation of these words is irregular, as regards both the stems themselves and their inflected forms. Sometimes the one element has the tone and sometimes the other, without any apparent reason for the difference. If the compound is accented on the final syllable, the accent is shifted in RV. to the ending in the weakest cases provided their stem shows the contraction to or : thus,, , , but , ,. But AV. and later texts usually keep the accent upon the stem: thus,, , (RV. has  once). The shift of accent to the endings, and even in polysyllabic stems, is against all usual analogy.

411. The stems of this division are prevailingly neuter; but there are also a few masculines, and one or two feminines.

412. The stems in अस् are quite numerous, and mostly made with the suffix अस्  (a small number also