Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/179

 a. As to the change of to, see 193, 195.

b. A feminine is made by adding to, as usual, the stem-form shown in the weakest cases: thus,.

c. An accus. pl. - (like the nom.) also occurs. (RV., once) is the only middle case-form quotable from the older language. Transitions to the -declension begin already in the Veda: thus, to - (RV. AV.), - (RV.), -.

403. The root carry at the end of a compound is said by the grammarians to be lengthened to  in both the strong and middle cases, and contracted in the weakest cases to, which with a preceding -vowel becomes  (137 c): thus, from  sacrifice-bearing (epithet of Agni), , , , etc.; , , ; , , , etc. And  (not quotable) is said to be further irregular in making the nom. sing. in and the vocative in  or.

a. In the earlier language, only strong forms of compounds with have been found to occur: namely, -, -, - or -, and -. But feminines in, from the weakest stem — as , , — are met with in the Brāhmaṇas. TS. has the irregular nom. sing. .

404. Of very irregular formation and inflection is one common compound of, namely (+, burden-bearing or cart-drawing, i.e. ox). Its stem-form in the strong cases is, in the weakest , and in the middle (perhaps by dissimilation from ). Moreover, its nom. and voc. sing, are made in and  (as if from a -stem). Thus: