Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/176

 yielding: -, -, -, -; — -class (223 b, 147), - licking: -, -, -, -.

g. Stems in (143 a, 212 a: only, nom. sing., quotable): - quieting: -, , -, -.

392. The root-stems in and  (383 b) lengthen their vowel when the final  is followed by another consonant (245 b), and also in the nom. sing. (where the case-ending is lost).

a. Thus, from f. song come , , , etc.; , , ; , , , ,  (165); and, in like manner, from  f. stronghold come  , , , etc.; , , ; , , , ,.

b. There are no roots in (except the excessively rare ) or in ; but from the root  with its  weakened to  (250) comes the noun  f. blessing, which is inflected like : thus, , , , etc.; , , ; , , , ,. And together is apparently a stereotyped nominative of like formation from the root. The form (TS.), from the root-stem, is isolated and anomalous.

c. These stems in, , show a like prolongation of vowel also in composition and derivation: thus, , , , , , , etc. (but also , ).

d. The native grammar sets up a class of quasi-radical stems like desiring to go, made from the desiderative conjugation-stem (1027), and prescribes for it a declension like that of : thus,, , , , etc. Such a class appears to be a mere figment of the grammarians, since no example of it has been found quotable from the literature, either earlier or later, and since there is, in fact, no more a desiderative stem than a causative stem.

393. The stem f. water is inflected only in the plural, and with dissimilation of its final before  to  (151 e): thus,, , , , ,.

a. But RV. has the sing. instr. and gen. . In the earlier language (especially AV.), and even in the epics, the nom. and accus. pl. forms are occasionally confused in use, being employed as accus., and  as nominative.

b. Besides the stem, case-forms of this word are sometimes used in composition and derivation: thus, for example, , , ,.

394. The stem m. man is very irregular, substituting  in the strong cases, and losing its  (necessarily) before initial  of a case-ending, and likewise (by analogy with this, or by an abbreviation akin with that noticed at 231) in the loc. plural. The vocative is (in accordance with that of the somewhat similarly