Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/165

{|class=_sgtable !G.
 * colspan=2|पापानाम्


 * पापानाम्


 * पापीनाम्

!L.
 * colspan=2|पापेषु


 * पापासु


 * पापीषु


 * }

369. This declension is a comparatively limited one, being almost entirely composed of derivative nouns formed with the suffix तृ (or तर् ), which makes masculine nomina agentis (used also participially), and a few nouns of relationship.

a. But it includes also a few nouns of relationship not made with that suffix: namely m.,  and  f.; and besides these,  m.,  (in V.) m.,  (in V.) f.,  m., and the feminine numerals  and  (for which, see 482 e, g). The feminines in are only, , and.

b. The inflection of these stems is quite closely analogous with that of stems in and  (second declension); its peculiarity, as compared with them, consists mainly in the treatment of the stem itself, which has a double form, fuller in the strong cases, briefer in the weak ones.

370. Forms of the Stem. In the weak cases (excepting the loc. sing.) the stem-final is, which in the weakest cases, or before a vowel-ending, is changed regularly to (129). But as regards the strong cases, the stems of this declension fall into two classes: in one of them — which is very much the larger, containing all the nomina agentis, and also the nouns of relationship and, and the irregular words  and  — the  is vriddhied, or becomes ; in the other, containing most of the nouns of relationship, with  and , the  is gunated, or changed to. In both classes, the loc. sing. has as stem-final.

371. Endings: These are in general the normal, but with the following exceptions:

a. The nom. sing. (masc. and fem.) ends always in (for original  or ). The voc. sing. ends in.

b. The accus. sing. adds to the (strengthened) stem; the accus. pl. has (like - and -stems) as masc. ending and  as fem. ending, with the  lengthened before them.