Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/159

 independent words, but it is more convenient to put them together. The stem is inflected precisely like, as above described. The complete declension is as follows (with forms not actually met with in use bracketed):

e. The dat. sing. is not found in the early language. Both and  occur as accus. pl. in V. As nom. etc. du., is, as usual, the regular Vedic form: once occurs  (du.), as if a neuter form; and  is found once used as ablative. The cases, and  (once) are read in V. sometimes as dissyllables; and the first as accented vocative then becomes  (i.e. : see ).

f. Adjective compounds having a diphthongal stem as final member are not numerous, and tend to shorten the diphthong to a vowel. Thus, from we have ; from, several words like , , , ; and, correspondingly,  seems to be reduced to  in  and  (RV.). In derivation, maintains its full form in, , - (f. -), etc.; as first member of a compound, it is variously treated: thus, ,  (but ,  K.), etc.;  or , , , etc. In certain compounds, also, or  takes an anomalous form: thus,  (K.),  (ÇB.),  (AV.). In (unless this is for )  becomes. RV. has from  (of questionable import); and AV. has, apparently accus. pl. of or -.

362. To this division belong all the and -stems which have not been specified above as belonging to the other or root-word division; and also, in the later language, most of the  and -stems of the other division, by transfer to a more predominant mode of inflection. Thus:

1. a. The great mass of derivative feminine -stems, substantive and adjective.

b. The inflection of these stems has maintained itself with little change through the whole history of the language, being almost precisely the same in the Vedas as later.