Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/158

 359. Adjective compounds from these words are very few; those which occur are declined like the simple stems: thus, and,  and , all nom. sing. masculine.

360. There are certain monosyllabic stems ending in diphthongs, which are too few and too diverse in inflection to make a declension of, and which may be most appropriately disposed of here, in connection with the stems in and, with which they have most affinity. They are:

a. stems in : and ;

b. stems in : ;

c. stems in : and  (or, ).

361. a. The stem f. ship is entirely regular, taking the normal endings throughout, and following the rules for monosyllabic accentuation (317) — except that the accus. pl. is said (it does not appear to occur in accented texts) to be like the nom. Thus:, , , , , ; , , ; , , , , ,. The stem m. ball is apparently inflected in the same way; but few of its forms have been met with in use.

b. The stem f. (or m.) wealth, might be better described as  with a union-consonant  (258) interposed before vowel endings, and is regularly inflected as such, with normal endings and monosyllabic accent. Thus:, , , , , ; , , ; , , , , ,. But in the Veda the accus. pl. is either or ; for accus. sing. and pl. are also used the briefer forms (RV. once:  does not occur in V.) and  (SV., once); and the gen.-sing. is sometimes anomalously accented.

c. The stem m. or f. bull or cow is much more irregular. In the strong cases, except accus. sing., it is strengthened to, forming (like ) , ,. In accus. sing. and pl. it has (like ) the brief forms and. The abl.-gen. sing. is (as if from ). The rest is regularly made from, with the normal endings, but with accent always remaining irregularly upon the stem: thus, , , , , ; , , ,. In the Veda, another form of the gen. pl. is ; the nom. etc. du. is (as in all other such cases) also ; and, , and are not infrequently to be pronounced as dissyllables. As acc. pl. is found a few times.

d. The stem f. (but in V. usually m.) sky, day is yet more anomalous, having beside it a simpler stem, which becomes  before a vowel-ending. The native grammarians treat the two as