Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/155

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a. As to the admissibility of the fuller endings, , and in the singular (feminine), grammatical authorities are somewhat at variance; but they are never found in the Veda, and have been omitted from the above scheme as probably unreal.

b. If two consonants precede the final or, the dissyllabic forms, with  and , are regularly written; after one consonant, the usage is varying. The grammarians prescribe and  when the monosyllabic stem has more the character of a noun, and  and  when it is more purely a verbal root with participial value. No such distinction, however, is to be seen in the Veda — where, moreover, the difference of the two forms is only graphic, since the - and -forms and the rest are always to be read as dissyllabic: or  and  or, and so on.

c. As to neuter stems for such adjectives, see 367.

353. A few further Vedic irregularities or peculiarities may be briefly noticed.

a. Of the -stems, the forms in, , (du.) are sometimes to be read as dissyllables, , ,. The dative of the stem used as infinitive is (as if +): thus,, ,.

b. Irregular transfer of the accent to the ending in compounds is seen in a case or two: thus, (RV.),  (AV.).

354. But compounds of the class above described are not infrequently transferred to other modes of inflection: the shortened to  for a masculine (and neuter) stem, or declined like a stem of the derivative -class (below, 364) as feminine; the  and  shortened to  and, and inflected as of the second declension.

a. Thus, compound stems in -, -, -, -, -, and others, are found even in the Veda, and become frequent later (being made from all, or nearly all, the roots in ); and sporadic cases from yet others occur: for example,, and ,  (all RV.); and, from  and  compounds,  (TS.),  (RV.),  (RV.),  (ÇB), and  (RV.) and  (VS.) and  (TB.),  (AV.),  (TS.).

b. Still more numerous are the feminines in which have lost