Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/144

 (but there are many exceptions); 4. secondary derivatives in (1225) and  (1245 e): e. g. ; ; 5. most ordinal numbers (487 h): e. g., ,. Not a few words make the feminine in either or : e. g.  or -,  or -,  or -,  or -; but ordinarily only one of these is accepted as regular.

333. There are no verbal roots ending in. But is sometimes substituted for the final  of a root (and, rarely, for final ), and it is then inflected like an ordinary adjective in  (see below, 354).

334. a. A noun ending in, when occurring as final member of an adjective compound, is inflected like an original adjective in , making its feminine likewise in or  (367).

b. For the most part, an adjective compound having a noun in as final member makes its feminine in. But there are numerous exceptions, certain nouns taking, usually or always, instead. Some of the commonest of these are as follows: eye (e. g., , ),  leaf (e. g. , ; but ),  face (e. g. , ; but  etc.),  limb, body (e. g. , ; but  etc.),  hair (e. g. ,  or -, etc.),  ear (e. g. ; but  etc.),  belly (e. g. ),  root (e. g. ; but oftener  etc.). The very great majority of such nouns (as the examples indicate) signify parts of the body.

c. On the other hand, a feminine noun ending in derivative shortens its final to  to form a masculine and neuter base: see 367 c.

d. In frequent cases, nouns of consonant ending are, as finals of compounds, transferred to the -declension by adding suffix (1209 a) or  (1222).

335. The stems in इ and उ  are inflected in so close accordance with one another that they cannot be divided into two separate declensions. They are of all the three genders, and tolerably numerous — those in इ more numerous than those in उ, especially in the feminine (there are more neuters in उ  than in इ ).

a. The endings of this declension also differ frequently and widely from the normal, and the irregularities in the older language are numerous.