Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/131

 uncommon from the earliest time. It is by no means to be sharply distinguished from the ordinary construction; the two pass into one another, with a doubtful territory between. It occurs:

a. Especially with verbs, as of arriving, sending, placing, communicating, bestowing, and many others, in situations where an accusative or a dative (or a genitive, 297 a) might be looked for, and exchangeable with them: thus, (RV.) that, truly, goes to (to be among) the gods;  (RV.) set this offering of ours among the immortals;  (AV.) who pour in the juice into the plants (or, the juice that is in the plants);  (H.) do not offer wealth to a lord;  (MBh.) he fell to (so as to be upon) the earth;  (H.) putting on the shoulder;  (MBh.) having before promised us.

b. Often also with nouns and adjectives in similar constructions (the instances not always easy to separate from those of the locative meaning with reference to: above, 303 a): thus, compassion toward all creatures;  (MBh.) affection for the Nishadhan;  (MBh.) the king has always behaved properly toward thee.

305. The prepositions construed with the locative (1126) stand to it only in the relation of adverbial elements strengthening and directing its meaning.

306. Declensional forms are made by the addition of endings to the stem, or base of inflection.

a. The stem itself, however, in many words and classes of words, is liable to variation, especially as assuming a stronger form in some cases and a weaker in others.

b. And between stem and ending are sometimes inserted connecting elements (or what, in the recorded condition of the language, have the aspect of being such).

c. Respecting all of these points, the details of treatment, as exhibited by each class of words or by single words, will be given in the following chapters. Here, however, it is desirable to present a brief general view of them.

307. Endings: Singular. a. In the nominative, the usual masc. and fem. ending is — which, however, is wanting in derivative  and -stems; it is also euphonically lost (150) by consonant-stems. Neuters in general have no ending, but show in this case the bare stem; -stems alone add (as in the accus. masc.). Among the pronouns, is a frequent masc. and fem. nom. ending (and is found even in du. and pl.); and neuters show a form in.