Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/124

 b. Words signifying show, announce, declare, and the like: thus, (R.) show the bow to Rāma;  (RV.) the sun was manifested to them;  (MBh.) they announced Rituparṇa to Bhīma;  (MBh.) having promised to them.

c. Words signifying give attention, have a regard or feeling, aspire, and the like: thus, (MBh.) they set their minds upon encamping;  (AV.) be gracious as a mother to her sons;  (RV.) why art thou angry at us?  (Spr.) the soul longs for love.

d. Words signifying please, suit, conduce, and the like: thus, (M.) whatever is pleasing to Brahmans;  (KU.) that makes for immortality.

e. Words signifying inclination, obeisance, and the like: thus, (RV.) let the four quarters bow themselves to me;  (MBh.) having paid homage to the gods.

f. Words signifying hurling or casting: as (AV.) with which thou hurlest at the impious.

g. In some of these constructions the genitive and locative are also used: see below.

287. In its more distinctive sense, as signifying for, for the benefit of, with reference to, and the like, the dative is used freely, and in a great variety of constructions. And this use passes over into that of the dative of end or purpose, which is extremely common. Thus, (AV.) making an arrow for hurling;  (RV.) I take thy hand in order to happiness;  (AV.) be it bound on in order to royalty for me, in order to destruction for my enemies.

a. Such a dative is much used predicatively (and oftenest with the copula omitted), in the sense of makes for, tends toward; also is intended for, and so must; or is liable to, and so can. Thus, (H.) good counsel [tends] to the exasperation, not the conciliation, of fools;  (H.) and he was not to her satisfaction;  (RV.) thou art a good herdsman, not one for cheating (i.e. not to be cheated).

b. These uses of the dative are in the older language especially illustrated by the dative infinitives, for which see 982.

288. The dative is not used with prepositions (1124).

289. Uses of the Ablative. The ablative is the from-case, in the various senses of that preposition; it is used to express removal, separation, distinction, issue, and the like.

290. The ablative is used where expulsion, removal, distinction, release, defense, and other kindred relations are expressed: thus, (AV.) they drive away the wolf from the path;