Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/119

 (RV.) who slayeth the dragon, winneth booty, bestoweth largesses;  (JB.) for they seize on this universe;  (MBh.) risking life in battle.

e. The root itself, in the older language, used with the value of a present participle at the end of a compound: thus, (RV.) what offering thou surroundest (protectest);  (RV.) the dragon confining the waters. Also a superlative of a root-stem (468, 471): thus, (RV.) thou art chief winner of wealth for the pious;  (RV.) they two are the greatest drinkers of soma.

f. The derivative in from the (especially the reduplicated) root, in the older language: thus,  (RV.) bearing the thunderbolt, drinking the soma, bestowing kine;  (RV.) extending the sacrifice.

g. Derivatives in, very frequently in the language: thus,  (AV.) and the wolf destroys his calves;  (TS.) he wins a garment;  (MS.) the women fall in love with him.

h. Other cases are more sporadic: thus, derivatives in, as (RV.) Indra breaks up even what is fast;  (M.) by no means entitled to his father’s estate; — in , as  (RV.) with the breakers of whatever is strong; — in , as  (RV.) to make offering to the gods; — in , as  (MBh.) in restraining him;  (R.) as if in eating one’s own flesh; — in , as  (RV.) overcoming foes in combats; — in , as  (RV.) there is no injuring him; — in , as  (MS.) he does not come short of food; — in , as  (RV.) bowing even firm things.

272. Examples of an accusative with an ordinary noun or adjective are only occasional: such words as faithful to,  corresponding to,  daring to cope with,  opposite to, may be regarded as taking an accusative in virtue of the preposition they contain; also, as  (MS.) the gods are inferior to Varuna. RV. has pregnant with him; and AV. has through loving me.

273. The direct construction of cases with prepositions is comparatively restricted in Sanskrit (1123 ff.). With the accusative are oftenest found, opposite to, in reference to, etc.; also after, in the course of;  or  between; rarely  across;  against, to; and others (1129). Case-forms which have assumed a prepositional value are also often used with the accusative: as.