Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/103

 221. The compound is not infrequent as final of a root (generally of demonstrably secondary origin), or of a tense-stem (-aorist: see below, 878 ff.); and, in the not very frequent cases of its internal combination, it is treated as if a single sound, following the rules for : thus  ( + ), ;, , , ,. As to its treatment when final, see 146.

a. Thus, we are taught by the grammarians to make such forms as, , (from ); and we actually have , ,  from  or  (146 b). For etc. from √, see 233 f.

b. In the single anomalous root, the compound is said to follow the rules for simple. From it are quotable the future, the gerunds (AV.) and  (RV.), and the participle (957 c). Its reverts to  in the derivative.

222. The roots in final ह्, like those in ज् , fall into two classes, exhibiting a similar diversity of treatment, appearing in the same kinds of combination.

a. In the one class, as, we have a reversion of (as of ) to a guttural form, and its treatment as if it were still its original : thus, , ; , ; , , ,.

b. In the other class, as and, we have a guttural reversion (as of ) only before  in verb-formation and derivation: thus, , , ,. As final, in external combination, and in noun-inflection before and, the  (like ) becomes a lingual mute: thus, , , ,. But before a dental mute in verb-inflection and in derivation, its euphonic effect is peculiarly complicated: it turns the dental into a lingual (as would ); but it also makes it sonant and aspirate (as would : see 160); and further, it disappears itself, and the preceding vowel, if short, is lengthened: thus, from  with  comes, from  with  comes , from  with  comes , from  with  comes , from  with  or  comes , from  with  comes , etc.

c. This is as if we had to assume as transition sound a sonant aspirate lingual sibilant, with the euphonic effects of a lingual and of a sonant aspirate (160), itself disappearing under the law of the existing language which admits no sonant sibilant.

223. The roots of the two classes, as shown in their forms found in use, are:

a. of the first or -class:, , , , , (and the final of  is similarly treated);