Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/101

 i. Before, the cases are few, and the usage apparently divided.: [sic] thus, , , , , , , , , ; but and  (?).

j. Before (of the suffixes, , , etc., and participial ) the guttural is regularly preserved: thus, , , ; , , , , , , ; , ; , ,  (with further sonant change;); [sic] , , , , ; , : also before the union-vowel  in  (RV., once). An exception is.

k. The reversion of in derivation is comparatively rare. The final which is analogous with  (219) shows much less proclivity to reversion than that which corresponds with.

l. A like reversion shows itself also to some extent in conjugational stem-formation and inflection. Thus, the initial radical becomes guttural after the reduplication in the present or perfect or desiderative or intensive stems, or in derivatives, of the roots, , , , , and in (√); and  becomes  on the elision of  (402, 637). The RV. has from √ and  from √; and SV. has (RV. --). And before etc. of 3d pl. mid. we have for radical  in, ,  (all in RV.).

217. Final च् of a root or stem, if followed in internal combination by any other sound than a vowel or semivowel or nasal, reverts (43) to its original guttural value, and shows everywhere the same form which a क्  would show in the same situation.

Thus,, , , , ; , ; , ,.

a. And, as final becomes  (above 142), the same rule applies also to  in external combination: thus,, ,.

Examples of remaining unchanged in inflection are:, , ,.

218. Final श् reverts to its original क्, in internal combination, only before the स्  of a verbal stem or ending (whence, by 180, क्ष् ); before त्  and थ् , it everywhere becomes ष्  (whence, by 197, ष्टष्ट् [sic]  and ष्ठष्ठ् [sic] ); before ध् , भ् , and सु  of the loc. pl., as when final (145), it regularly becomes the lingual mute (ट् or ड् ).

Thus,, ; , , ; ,.