Page:Sacred Books of the East - Volume 42.djvu/21

 INTRODUCTION. ===I. ===
 * The compound stem atharvangiras.

The fourth Veda is known in Hindu literature by an unusually large number of appellations. Of these the dvandva plural is old, atharvâṅgirásah is old occurring AV.X 7,20 ; it is the name found at the head of the Atharvan MSS. themselves. The appearance of this name in a given text has not unfrequently been made the basis — partly or entirely — for estimating the relative chronology of that text. But this criterion can claim only negative value, since the designation occurs in a text as late as the Ausanasa-smriti, III. 44 It is found in a great variety of texts of the Vedic literature, as may be seen in the subsequent account of the attitude of Hindu literature towards the fourth Veda (p. xxviii ff.), but at no period does it positively exclude other designations.

The locative singular of this same compound occurs in a passage not altogether textually certain, Mahâbh. Ill, 305, 20 = 17066, where the Bombay edition has atharvâṅgairasi srutam, but the Calcutta, atharvasirasi srutam. The locative singular (apparently neuter) of the stem atharvâṅgirasa occurs rarely, Yâgňav. I, 312 (kusalam atharvaṅgirase). A specimen of a derivative adjective from the compound may be seen at Manu XI, 33, atharvâṅgirasîh srutîh; cf Mahâbh. VIII, 40, 33=1848, krityâm atharvâṅgirasim.