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 widely available to satellite operators, and are costeffective, so that their adoption does not disrupt either budgets or schedule for their project.

All satellite projects should be given guidance on minimizing reflectivity. They should be encouraged to minimize nadir-facing specular surfaces and maintain robust orbital attitude control to minimize flares and glints, including deorbiting their satellites as soon as practicable when the satellites reach their end of mission. Operators are recommended, as a first step, to share and publish their experience and lessons learned across the community, in order to build understanding of mitigation design techniques and foster innovation in new concepts. Because the technical and practical inquiry into mitigation techniques is still at an early stage, the Industry Subgroup endorses an outcomedriven focus for any mitigation recommendations and guidelines, rather than overly prescriptive language that stipulates a specific technology or technique.



Albireo in Cygnus with Starlink Satellites. Credit: Rafael Schmall 12