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 satisfied until we have destroyed the last link which keeps Ireland bound to England." American Fenians would not have contributed their dollars, nor organized their dynamite schools, to obtain relief for distressed and oppressed tenants. They subscribed their money for lead and muniments of war, and their purpose was to annoy and humiliate England, and to wreak vengeance on Great Britain for past mow than for present wrongs. The aim of the Parnellite movement now that the farmers' grievance is almost remedied, is declared, in the address from the Parnell Tribute Committee to the people of Ireland, to be the completion of "the fabric of National Unity and Independence."

And the aim of the Philadelphia Convention is the some. Separation from England is what millions of Irishman in Ireland and America are now bonded together to accomplish by means of an association which unites in one common League the various. Fenians brotherhoods in the United States and elsewhere, including the votaries of dynamite and assassinations represented by O'Donovan Rossa and his friends. The Convention, in its formal resolutions, states "that the English government in Ireland, originating in usurpation and perpetuated by force, having failed to discharge any of the duties of government, and never having acquired the consent of the governed, has no moral right whatever to exist in Ireland; and that it is the duty of the Irish race throughout the world to sustain the Irish people in the employment of all legitimate means to substitute for it national self-government," and "that we pledge our unqualified, constant support, moral and material, to our countrymen in Ireland, in their efforts to recover national self-government; and, in order the more effectually to promote this object, by the consolidation of all our resources, and the creation of one responsible authoritative body to speak for the Greater Ireland in America that all the Societies represented in this Convention, and all that may hereafter comply with the conditions of admission, be organized into the Irish National League of America, for the purpose or supporting the Irish National League of Ireland, of which Charles Stewart Parnell is the President." Thus the League in America is to support the League in Ireland "in the employment of all legitimate means" to "substitute national self-government" for that "English government in Ireland" which "has no right whenever to exist." These expressions are cautiously chosen, doubtless in compliance with a desire to enable the League in Ireland to escape immediate suppression by the laws. But in the eyes of those who think that "the English government has no moral right whatever to exist in Ireland," the "employment of all legitimate means" to remove it, will not be too scrupulously examined. In the eyes of James Carey and his brother assassins it was no crime to kill Mr. Burke. His number was, in their opinion, not murder, but a "removal." If indeed the English government has "no moral right whatever to exist in Ireland," its laws have no right to exist, and they possess no moral obligation, and those who endeavour to remove the British government by violent menu: will feel their conscience little troubled by questions of the legitimacy of such means. In Mr. Powell’s opinion the means employed by the Land League were perfectly legitimate, although they included Boycotting, intimidation, "No Rent" manifestos, etc. The British Government however thought differently, and put Mr. Parnell into prison.

That Irish and American Fenians should sympathise with Mr. Parnell and encourage him to achieve Notional Independence for Ireland is nowise surprising. Fenians hate England so much that they would jeopardise the welfare of Ireland in the endeavour to satisfy that hate. Some of them are courageous and brave and would gladly imperil their own lives in ﬁghting against British troops on Irish soil. But little courage or bravery is displayed by those persons who, while in safety in their American homes, send emissaries to Great Britain to try to burn down public edifices, at the risk of destroying innocent lives. Irish and American Fenians, however, are not the only persons who have