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190 the secretary to keep a memorandum so that he may be able at any moment to state the exact condition of the business. In the first performance of each of the earlier drills it is advisable for the chairman to have an abstract of the drill. With advanced classes it is better for him to have nothing, unless there is an order of business, in which case he should have a memorandum showing the business in the order in which he should announce it. In actual meetings of ordinary societies the chairman has nothing to guide him except the order of business. Nearly all the drills given in this book are very simple, being intended to illustrate the chapters immediately preceding them. After a class has completed this course the instructor may prepare additional drills so as to give the class more practice. With advanced classes impromptu drills without slips may be used advantageously, but it is a mistake to permit such drills with elementary classes.

When giving a drill in which a number of amendments are proposed to a resolution, it will be found advisable to have the resolution written on the blackboard in large letters with the words and lines widely separated. As each amendment is stated, it must be indicated as shown in the example below. If the words are to be inserted a caret should show where the insertion is to be made and the words should be written below. If the amendment is adopted the words should be underscored. If there are words to be struck out, they should be included between two