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Richard the Third Buckingham was taken at Shrewsbury in October, 1483.

landed. Richmond, on his second expedition, landed at Milford Haven in August, 1485. Shakespeare has condensed, therefore, the history of two years in this scene.

If I revolt. 'For the lord Stanleie was afraid, least, if he should seeme openlie to be a fautor or aider to the earle his sonne in law, before the day of the battell, that king Richard, (which yet vtterlie did not put him in diffidence and mistrust,) would put to some cruell death his sonne and heire apparant. ' Holinshed, iii. 753. Halle, 411.

Sir Walter Herbert, created by Edward IV Baron Herbert; Sir Gilbert Talbot, uncle to the young Earl of Shrewsbury; Sir William Stanley, the brother of Richmond's step-father; redoubted Pembroke, Jasper Tudor, Richmond's uncle; Oxford and Sir James Blunt had come from France with Richmond; Rhys ap Thomas, a valiant Welsh leader from Carmarthenshire.

All-Souls' day. '[Buckingham] vpon All soules daie, without arreignment or iudgement was at Salisburie, in the open market place, on a new scaffold, beheaded and put to death.' Holinshed, iii. 744. Halle, 395.

Cf. II. i. 32–40.

determin'd wrongs. I.e. the fixed period to which the punishment of my wrong-doing is postponed (Wright).

Cf. I. iii. 299–303.

Cf. Psalm lxxx: 'The wild boar out of the field doth root it [the vine] up: and the wild beasts of the field devour it.'