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 have been duly elected by the local organisations must be met, not only by protests against the violation of the will of the electors, but also by definite organised counter-action. The expelled members must not remain scattered. The most important task of the Communist Parties is to prevent the scattering of the expelled elements. They must organise into unions of victims of expulsions, and must formulate a concrete programme, making their demand for reinstatement the central feature of their entire political work.

28. In actual fact, the struggle against expulsion is the struggle for the unity of the labour union movement. Here all measures are good which lead to the restoration of the least unity. The expelled members must not remain isolated from the rest of the opposition camp or from the independent revolutionary organisations existing in the country. The groups of the expelled must promptly enter into a close alliance with the revolutionary organisations existing in the country for the organisation of a combined struggle against expulsions and for the co-ordination of activities in the struggle against reaction.

29. The practical measures may and should be supplemented or varied in accordance with local conditions and peculiarities. It is most important that the Communist groups should adopt a clear-cut militant attitude against the policy of splits, and should do everything in their power to counteract the policy of expulsions, which has been considerably intensified in consequence of the process of amalgamation of the Second and Two-and-a-Half Internationals. There is no definite and universally applicable method of combating the expulsions. In this respect all Communist Parties are entirely free to avail themselves of all the means which they find expedient in order to attain the goal set, namely, the re-establishment of the disturbed unity of the labour union movement.

30. The Communists must carry on a vigorous struggle against the expulsion of the revolutionary unions from the international organisations by industries. The Communist Parties cannot and must not remain passive spectators of the systematic expulsion of the revolutionary unions simply because they are revolutionary. The interantionalinternational [sic] industrial propaganda committees, founded by the R.I.L.U. must receive the most active support of the Communist Parties, in order to unite the available revolutionary forces in the interests of the struggle for a Single International in each industry. The whole campaign must be conducted under the banner of uniting all unions, whatever be their political tendencies, into a single international industrial organisation.

'''IX. Conclusion.'''

The Fourth Congress of the Communist International, advancing steadfastly along the path of conquest of the labour unions, and of the struggle against the disruptive policy of