Page:Report on the geology of the four counties, Union, Snyder, Mifflin and Juniata (IA reportongeologyo00dinv).pdf/116

88 F³. offered them. No limestone is reported to occur at or near the opening and the raw material, as mined, is intensely black, without grit and sooty. It stains the fingers as lamp-soot would do, and when used as a pigment it is said to be very durable and will not fade. It has been shipped to Williamsport, Reading, Harrisburg and elsewhere through central Pennsylvania.

This township lies next south of Gregg, with the Susquehanna river for its eastern border and White Deer mountain on the north for a distance of 10 miles. The western line runs roughly at right angles to White Deer mountain for about 4 miles, crossing the valley of White Deer creek and the Nittany mountain to a branch of Spruce run. This stream forms its southern line for about 4 miles and extends some 6 miles further to the river north of Catawissa junction and West Milton. In shape it is rudely rectangular and contains an area of about 40 square miles.

Its drainage is entirely eastward into the Susquehanna, although two branches of Little Buffalo creek flow southward before passing to the Susquehanna. White Deer creek drains all the synclinal valley of that name lying in the northern portion of the township between the White Deer and the Nittany mountains. It flows for 10 miles through the township.

White Deer Mills is a small village situated near the mouth of the creek and on the Philadelphia and Reading railroad, while New Columbia lies some 3 miles further south along the railroad and river bank.

The rock series exposed extends from the Oneida gray sandstone which is on the crest of the Nittany mountain anticlinal at the western border line of the township up to the lower portion of the upper Salina lime-shales occupying narrow strips in the White Deer and Spruce Run cynclinals.

Structure.—The map coloring plainly shows the structural features of the township, which are extremely simple, consisting of the two mountain anticlinals which have elevated the No. UV rocks to the surface and the Buffalo