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 28 Readings in European History B. Addi- tional read- ing in English. Spain: JOHNSON, pp. 91-106; Cambridge Modem History, Vol. I, Chapter XI, pp. 347"3 8 3- Savonarola: Johnson, pp. 25-33; Cambridge Modern History, Vol. I, Chapter V, pp. 144-189. The Papacy at the Opening of the Sixteenth Century : Ca?nbridge Modem History, Vol. II, Chapter I, pp. 1—34 (excellent). Francis I in Italy : Dyer and Hassall, Vol. I, pp. 356-363. Creighton, History of the Papacy from the Great Schism to the Sack of Rome. New edition in 6 vols., 1899-1901. Vol. V contains an admirable account of the opening of the sixteenth century, with special reference to the role of the popes. For Savonarola and Charles VIII, see Chapters VII-VIII. Pastor, The History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages. In course of publication ; Vols. I to VI, from the original German, 1898. A work of great erudition, by a distinguished Catholic scholar. See Vol. V, pp. 181-226, on Savonarola, and Vol. VI, pp. 1-454, on Italy and the popes, 1492-1512. Symonds, Age of Despots, Chapters VII, IX, and X, on Savonarola and Charles VIII. Gregorovius, Rome in the Middle Ages, Vol. VII, Part II, and Vol. VIII, Part I. BURKE, U. R., A History of Spain from the Earliest Times to the Death of Ferdinand the Catholic, 2 vols., 2d ed., 1900, edited by Hume. Vol. II is the best and most recent account of the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella. PRESCOTT, History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, 3 vols. Fuller than Burke and charming in style, but as it was completed in 1836, under very adverse circumstances, it is antiquated and somewhat wanting in critical exactness. Monstrelet, Chronicles, translated by Johnes, 2 vols., 1877. Mon- strelet (d. 1453) was a conscientious continuator of Froissart (see above, Vol. I, p. 487). After Monstrelet's death, his work was brought down by various writers to 1516, and so includes the reign of Charles VIII and (very briefly) that of Louis XII. C. Materials Ranke, Geschichte der romanischen und germanischen V'olker von for advanced 7 ^ p ; s 7 ^ 7 ^ x^a,; 2d ed., 1874. Although the earliest work of this distinguished historian, this is still valuable on account of the discus- sion of the sources, especially of Guicciardini's history (see above, study.