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 532 Readings in European History C. Material for advanced study. Sources. Lavisse and Rambaud, Histoire generate, Vol. IX. Sciout, Le Directoire, 2 vols., 1895. Sorel, L 'Europe et la Revolution francaise, Vols. V-VIII, 1795-1815 (see above, p. 462). Sybel, Geschichte der Revolutionszeit, Vols. IV-V. On the Directory. Chuquet, La Jeunesse de Napoleon, 3 vols. Lefebvre, Histoire des cabinets de V Europe, 2d ed., 5 vols., 1866-1869. Perhaps the best diplomatic history. Haussonville, VEglise romaine et le Premier Empire, 5 vols. Vandal, Napoleon et Alexandre, 3 vols., 1891 sqq. Welschinger, La Censure sous le premier empire, 1882. Hausser, Deutsche Geschichte, 4 vols. A readable and scholarly treatment of the period between the death of Frederick the Great and the close of the Napoleonic period. More recent accounts may be found in Denis, E., L'Alleinagne, ij8g-i8io, 1896; Heigel, Deutsche Ge- schichte; and Zwiedineck-Sudenhorst, Deutsche Geschichte, Vol. I, 1 806-1815. Baumgarten, Geschichte Spaniens, Vol. I. The various monographs and special histories of this period are enumerated in Fournier, Napoleo?i, pp. 745-788. See also Kircheisen, Bibliographic Napoleons, 1903 ; Lumbroso also has an elaborate bibli- ography of Napoleonic literature in course of publication, 1894^^. Chief of all the sources is Napoleon's correspondence in 32 volumes. While some important letters have been suppressed (see La Grande Encyclopedic, Vol. XXIV, p. 792), this vast collection throws light upon almost every act of Napoleon's public life. It may be had for some twenty dollars, and should be in every good historical library. Napoleon, Memoires, 8 vols., 1823. (New edition in the Correspoti- dance, Vols. XXIX-XXXII). Dictated by Napoleon to his companions on the island of St. Helena, and they naturally give a more favorable idea of his policy than is derived from the correspondence. Besides the various memoirs mentioned above, we have those of Napoleon's brothers, Lucien, Joseph, and Louis, and of his ministers and generals, Marmont, Rapp, Davout, etc. To these may be added Mollien, Souvenirs d'un ministre du Tresor, new edition by Gomel, 1898 ; Thtbaudeau, Memoires sur le consulat ; Veron, Memoires d'un bourgeois de Paris ; Chaptal, Mes Souvenirs sur Napoleon, 1893.