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 196 Readings in European History Ranke, Die Osmanen und die spanische Monarckie im sechzehnten und siebzehnten Jahrhundert, 4th ed. The Council There are two famous old histories of the Council of Trent. In 1619 of Trent. there appeared in England an account of the council (Storia del concilio Tridentino, which may be had in an old English translation) which was later discovered to have been written by Fra Paolo Sarpi, who, without being a Protestant, was very hostile to the papal power. The writer made use of much material not readily available to other writers, and is still regarded with respect by impartial critics. His work aroused much angry criticism, especially among the Jesuits, who selected one of their number, Pallavicino, to refute Sarpi. The Jesuit's history of the council (Istoria del concilio di Trento) appeared in 1656, and pointed out 361 alleged errors in his predecessor's work. Pallavicino's volumes are based upon a vast amount of material in Rome which was freely thrown open to him. Its merits and defects, as well as those of Sarpi's treatise, are set forth by Ranke in the " Analecten " appended to his Die rbmischen Pdpste (Bohn edition, Vol. Ill, pp. 103 sqq.). Raynaldus, Annates Ecclesiastici, contains a good account of the council. Deer eta et canones Concilii Tridentini, first issued in Rome in 1664, are to be had in many editions. Tauchnitz publishes a convenient modern edition. That edited by Richter contains all the interpretations and modifications made since the council finished its work. Le Plat, Monutnenta ad historiam Concilii Tridentini spectantia, 7 vols., 1 781-1787. This voluminous collection is now being replaced by newer and more carefully edited texts. Under the title Acta genuina Concilii Tridentini, Theiner published, in 1874, the proceedings of the council edited just after its close by Angelo Massarelli, its secretary. The Gorres Gesellschaft (a German, Catholic historical association) is pub- lishing Concilium Tridentinum : diariorum, actorum, epistularum, trac- tatnum nova collectio. Vols. I and IV have appeared, the latter contain- ing much important material relating to the antecedents of the council. Other collections are also in progress, — for example, the Monumenta Tridentina, edited by Druffel and Brandi, under the auspices of the Munich Academy, and containing the invaluable letters and papers of Cardinal Cervino, a secretary of Paul III (Vol. I, 1884-1899). The Society Stewart Rose, St. Ignatius Loyola and the Early Jesuits, edited by of Jesus. Rev. W. H. Eyre, S.J., London. Best recent work in English. W. van Nieuwenhoff, Lebeti des heiligen Ignatius von Loyola, 2 vols., Regensburg, 1901. Gothein, Ignatius von Loyola ti7id die Gegenrefor?nation, 1895. An excellent recent Protestant account.