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 34 Readings in European History For the religious conditions : HATCH, The Influence of Greek Thought upon the Christian Church ; REN AN, The Influence of Rome on the Devel- opment of the Catholic Church; FARRAR, Seekers after God, for the teachings of Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius ; BURY, Book I, Chapters I-II, "Christianity and Paganism" and "The Influence of Christianity on Society " ; LECKY, History of European Morals from Augustus to Charlemagne, Vol. II, Chapter IV (opening) ; TAYLOR, Classi- cal Heritage of the Middle Ages, Chapter II, gives an admirable account of the passing of the antique man into the mediaeval man. For the general intellectual and moral transition, see, above all, TAYLOR, Chapters III-V, " Phases of Pagan Decadence," " The Antique Culture," and " Pagan Elements Christianized in Transmission." The bibliographical notes at the end of Taylor's volume are very full and useful in this field. See also GLOVER, Life and Letters in the Fourth Century, Cambridge, England, 1901. C. Materials A remarkable account of the general conditions, especially in Gaul, for advanced immediately preceding the barbarian invasions maybe found in FUSTEL DE COULANGES, Histoire des institutions de rancienne France (Paris, 1891), Vol. II, " L'invasion germanique," pp. 1-244. Histoire de France depuis les origines jusqu'a la Revolution, edited by LAVISSE, Vol. I, Part II, also describes Gaul under the Roman Empire. A shorter account is given in LAVISSE ET RAMBAUD, Histoire Generale, Vol. I, Chapter I, " Le Monde remain." For the religious situation : BOISSIER, La Fin du paganism, 2 vols., Paris, 1891, and MARTHA, Les Moralists sons I'empire romain, Paris, 1894. A clear and most excellent analysis of the literary works in the West from the third century to the time of Charlemagne may be found in Vol. I of EBERT, Allgemeine Geschichte der Literatur des Mittelalters im Abendlande, 3 vols., Leipzig, 1880-1889. There is a French translation of this admirable work, Histoire generale de la literature du moyen Age, Paris, 1883-1889. For the economic conditions, see, especially, LEVASSEUR, Histoire des classes ouvrieres avant 1789 (2 vols., 2d ed., Paris, 1901, 2q fr.), Book I, especially Chapter III, on slaves and the villa. References for the highly important history of the law will be found at the end of Chapter III ; those for the development of the Christian Church under the Roman Empire, at the close of Chapter IV.