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 The Italian Cities and the Renaissance 543 Dante's treatise on government De Monarchia is translated in CHURCH, Dante, pp. 175-308, and portions, in the Old South Leaflets, General Series, No. 123. His work on the mother tongue De Vulgari Eloquio is translated with notes by Howell, 1890. Of the vast literature relating to Dante, the historical student will find especially useful : MOORE, EDW., Studies in Dante, first series, on his knowledge of books, and WITTE, KARL, Essays on Dante. Petrarch, the First Modern Scholar and Man of Letters, a selection from his letters to Boccaccio and his other friends, translated, with an introduction, by ROBINSON and ROLFE. This book was prepared with a view to giving the historical student an idea of Petrarch and his great role in the history of culture. VILLANI, GIOVANNI, Florentine Chronicle, coming down to 1348 and relating especially to Dante's and Petrarch's time. It was continued by Giovanni's brother Matteo to 1363. Portions of the earlier part are translated, Selections from the first nine books of the Croniche Floren- tine, edited by WICKSTEED, and coming down to Dante's death, 1321. BALDASSARE CASTIGLIONE, The Book of the Courtier, completed in 1516 by a gentleman at the court of Urbino. This proved a very popular book and was translated into English in 1561. It deals in a charming way with those qualities which a true gentleman should possess. In "Tudor Translations" ($7.50) and in a new translation by Opdycke (Scribner's, 1903; $10.00), both unfortunately expensive. MACHIAVELLI, The Prince. This famous little work which casts so much light on the political spirit of the time has been several times translated into English. There is a good edition by N. H. Hill (Clarem don Press), another together with Machiavelli's History of Florence in the Bohn Library. The latter becomes detailed with the beginnings of the power of the Medici about 1434 and closes about 1525. VASARI, Lives of Seventy of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects (see above, pp. ^34 sqq.}. Translated, complete, by Mrs. Foster in the Bohn Library, 5 vols. Also in the Temple Classics, a new edition of selected Lives by Blashfield and Hopkins, with useful notes. For Rome and the popes, see CREIGHTON, History of the Papacy; PASTOR, History of the Popes; and GREGOROVIUS, History of the City of Rome, Vol. VII. For the art: "College Histories of Art," edited by JOHN C. VAN DYKE, including VAN DYKE, The History of Painting; HAMLIN, Tht History of Architecture ; MARQUAND and FROTHINGHAM, The History of Sculpturt, useful manuals. Larger works : FURGUSSON, History of