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 II The Mediceval Church at its Height 369 GIESELER, Ecclesiastical History, Vol. Ill, Chapters I, II, V, and VI, which give excerpts from the sources. MULLER, KARL, Kirchengeschichte, Vol. I, 1892. The most sug- gestive, scholarly, and readable general review of church history. PREVOST, Les eglises et les campagnes au moyen dge, 1892. An excellent and sympathetic account of the activities of the Church, especially in the country districts. LUCHAIRE, Manuel des institutions (see above, p. 192), Part I, Book I. The best brief account of the Church as an institution, especially in its relations to the civil authorities. Special phases of the administrative system of the Church are treated by I MB ART DE LA TOUR in his work on episcopal elections (see above, p. 219), and by FOURNIER, Les Officialites au moyen dge ; etudes sur I" 1 organization, la competence et la procedure des tribunaux ecclesiastiques ordinaires en France, 1180-132$, 1880. Also LEA, Formulary of the Papal Penitentiary in the Thirteenth Century, 1892. This contains an excellent introduction and a collection of letters showing the kinds of cases which were referred to the papal tribunal. The two great systematic treatises upon church law, both of which were unfortunately left uncompleted by their authors, are: HINSCHIUS, Das Kirchenrecht der Katholiken und Protestanten in Deutschland, 7 vols., 1869-1897, and G. PHILLIPS (a Catholic), Kirchenrecht, 7 vols., 1845-1872. Brief treatments: SOHM, Kirchenrecht, 1892, and ZORN, Lehrbuch des Kirchenrechts, 1892. TARDIF, Histoire des Sources du Droit Canonique, 1887, is an indis- pensable guide to the use of the Corpus Juris Canonici. Of the latter there are numerous editions, but only one which the historical student will find satisfactory, namely, that edited by FRIEDBERG, 2 vols., 1881, costing about M. 60. The editor has carefully given the context of many documents of which only brief extracts appear in the decretals. This adds greatly to the value of the collection in using it for historical purposes. He also adds many excellent notes. The first of the two volumes is devoted to GRATIAN'S Decretum, the second to the later collections of decretals brought together under Gregory IX and succeed- ing popes. A copy of the canon law as edited by Friedberg should be in every college library, as no one can long study the Church without having occasion to refer to the Decretum and the decretals. Of the ecclesiastical writers of the twelfth century the most impor- tant will be found in MIGNE, Patrologia Latina (see above, p. 84). The letters and some of the other works of ST. BERNARD may be had in Ecclesiasti cal law. Friedberg's admirable edition of the Corpus Juris Cano-