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 Germany and Italy 265 his work to the period before Gregory's pontificate and gives many extracts from the sources. HAUCK, Kirchengeschichte Deutschlands, Vol. III. Excellent. DRESDNER, Kultur- und Sittengeschichte der italienischen Geistlich- keit, 1890. MARTENS, Die Besetzung des pdpstlichen Stuhles unter Heinrich III und IV, 1887. Decretales pseudo-isidorianae, edited by HINSCHIUS, 1863. The best The pseudo edition of a famous collection of the acts of the councils and of the Isidortan decrees of the popes made about 850, noted for the spurious decretals of the earlier bishops of Rome which it contains, and which were accepted as genuine for several centuries. Some discussion of these forged decretals will be found in the church histories for the period. Most writers have ascribed far too much importance to this compilation in explaining the development of the power of the popes, which would hardly have been less had the forgeries never been conceived. WATTERICH, Pontificum romanorum vitae ab aequalibus conscriptae, 2 vols., 1862. A collection of the contemporary lives of the popes from 872 to 1198; a modern continuation of the Liber pontificalis mentioned above, p. 85. In this period, as elsewhere in the history of the mediaeval papacy, JAFFE'S Regesta (see above, p. 85) is of great importance. SACKUR, Die Cluniacenser bis ztir Mitte des elften Jahrhundeits, Vols. I-II, 1892-1894. By far the most thorough treatment of ths growth and influence of the great order of Cluny.