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 Feudalism 191 people in general. They are to be especially careful not to show friendship or hatred, nor to do anything contrary to justice in punishing, nor to conceal crimes, which may be hidden, but to bring them to light. No one is to receive money for the release of those taken in fault, or to attempt to aid the guilty by any favor of any kind, because whoever does this incurs the intolerable damnation of his soul ; and all the faithful ought to remember that this peace has no been promised to men, but to God, and therefore must be observed so much the more rigidly and firmly. Wherefore we exhort all in Christ to guard inviolably this necessary con- tract of peace, and if any one hereafter presumes to violate it, let him be damned by the ban of irrevocable excommuni- cation and by the anathema of eternal perdition. . . . BIBLIOGRAPHY Origins of Feudalism : ADAMS, Civilization, pp. 194-211 ; EMERTON, A. Refer- Introduction, Chapter XV, pp. 236255. ences. Feudal Institutions: EMERTON, Mediceval Europe, Chapter XIV, pp. 477-508; ADAMS, Civilization, pp. 211-226; French Nation, pp. 63- 72; BEMONT and MONOD, pp. 246-257; MASSON, Mediceval France, pp. 3-13; MUNRO, Chapter V, pp. 40-50. Life of the Feudal Nobles: MUNRO, Chapter XIII, pp. 135-147; BEMONT and MONOD, pp. 257-267. There is no complete and satisfactory treatment in English of the B. Addi- origin and development of feudalism on the continent. Older accounts, like those of Hallam and Guizot, are based, in some instances, upon theories since proved to be erroneous, and are therefore to be avoided. A description of feudal institutions in France, brief but reliable and scientific as far as it goes, may be found in SEIGNOBOS, The Feudal Regime, translated by Dow. For a thorough and authoritative analysis of English feudalism, see POLLOCK and MAITLAND, History of English Law before the Time of Edward I, 2 vols., especially Book II, " Doctrine of English Law," Chapters I and II. Suggestive ideas of life in a feudal society may be gathered from the great romances of the eleventh and twelfth centuries, which, though in many cases ascribed by their authors to the time of Charlemagne, in tional read- ing in English.