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 Charles Martel and Pippin 125 GREGOROVIUS, Vol. II, Book IV, Chapters I-III. KITCHIN, History of France, Vol. I, Book II, Part I, Chapters I-II. The history of Mohammed and the movements of the Arabs hardly C. Materials belong to the field of European history, and the sources are in general for advanced available only for those who read Arabic. Three recent foreign works may be added to the list given above. MULLER, A., Der Islam im Morgen- und Abendland, 2 vols., Berlin, 1885-1887 (Oncken Series). OELSNER, Konig Pippin in Jahrbiicher der deutschen Geschichte, 1882. GUYARD, STANISLAS, La Civilisation Musulmane. For the sources of the history of the early Carolingian rulers, see bibliography at the close of the following chapter.