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1.6 L3: Lunar Lander (1970-1974)
The L3 (figure 1-16) was successfully tested in simplified form in Earth orbit, but the failure of the N1 rocket program prevented it from reaching the Moon. It was designed to deliver a single cosmonaut to the lunar surface. L3 landers and associated hardware are on display in several locations in Russia: the Moscow Aviation Institute, Mozhalsk Military Institute in St. Petersburg, NPO Energia in Moscow, Kaliningrad Technical Institute, and NPO Yuzhnoye in Dnyepetrovsk. For a comparison of the L3 with the Apollo LM, see figure 4-2. Figure 1-16. L3 lunar lander. The flat, downward-facing face (left) of the ovoid pressure cabin holds the round viewport (not visible). The Kontakt system passive unit is at cabin top, and two landing radar booms extend at left and right. Nozzles of two solid-fueled hold-down rockets are visible at the tops of the legs, near the bases of the radar booms.
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1.6.1 L3 Specifications

 * Launch weight .......................................... 5500 kg
 * Launch vehicle ......................................... Soyuz; N-1
 * Height ..................................................... 5.2 m
 * Diameter of habitable module .................... 2.3 m by 3 m
 * Span across deployed landing gear ........... 4.5 m (estimated)
 * Habitable volume ..................................... about 4 m3 (estimated)
 * Number of crew ....................................... 1