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 pluck, reap’, O.Ir. buain; kαnu:N′t′, ‘speech’, Di. canamhain; L′αnu:N′t′, ‘to follow’, M.Ir. lenmain; fwïliN′t′, ‘to suffer’, Di. fulling; tαrN′t′, ‘to pull’, Di. tarraing. On the analogy of these and other infinitives in t′ we get rα:t′, ‘to say’, O.Ir. rád (cp. foghlaimt Sg. Fearn. p. 24). Further ər′i:ʃt′, ‘again’, Di. arís; er′eʃt′, ‘back’, < ar ais; -mwiʃt′ in the 1st plur. of the imperfect (J. C. Ward denies the existence of this ending in Donegal and it is not admitted by Craig either, but J. H. uses it regularly), cp. Spir. Rose p. 8 smuadhuamuist.

The off-glide mentioned above as accompanying t′ is frequently not heard when another consonant immediately follows. This we denote by writing t(′) Examples – tæt(′)n′i:m, ‘I please’; skαrt(′) kïl′i:, ‘cock-crow’; ə ho:rt(′) l′ïm, ‘to bring with me’; to:rt(′) ko:rL′ə, ‘giving advice’; ho:rt(′) suəs, ‘giving up’, also hɔrt suəs; kæN′t(′) l′ïm, ‘talking with me’.

An ordinary alveolar t occurs in late loan-words from English such as te:, ‘tea’; tre:n, ‘train’.

7. d. d corresponds in formation to t, the stop itself and the off-glide being voiced.

Initial d corresponds to O.Ir. d before a, o, u or preceding l, r followed by the same vowels, e.g. dα̃iən, ‘firm’, O.Ir. daingen; dαL, ‘blind’, M.Ir. dall; dæl′i:, ‘difficult’, M.Ir. doilig; devr′əs, ‘poverty’ (not common), cp. M.Ir. daidbre; din′ə, ‘man’, O.Ir. dune; dɔ:rN, ‘fist’, M.Ir. dorn; dUw̥, ‘black’, M.Ir. dub; du:r̥αχt, ‘zeal’, O.Ir. dúthracht; dli:, ‘lock of hair, handful of straw, hay, potatoes &c.’, dli: ə wo̤Ly:, ‘top-stopple in thatching’, Di. dlaoi; dreçəd, ‘bridge’, M.Ir. drochet.

d also occurs initially as the eclipsed form of t, e.g. ə dαruw, ‘their bull’; gə dαrN′i m′ə, ‘till I pull’; ə dæʃk′i:, ‘put by, in a place of safety’, cp. M.Ir. taiscim.

fα di:widə, ‘about it, about’, also αχə·di:widə is not clear. The preposition fα usually aspirates as in the toast fα hu:r′əm′ huw ə və sLα:n. Perhaps we may compare Manx mygeayrt, ‘about’, = O.Ir. imacúairt with stereotyped 3rd plur. form.

Medial and final d in native words goes back to an older dd which arose from various sources. In O. and M.Ir. tt, t is written. i. For d < Prim. Keltic dd I have no examples, ii. Prim. Keltic zd occurs in fαdə, ‘long’, O.Ir. fota; f′αd,