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 ‘year’, O.Ir. bliadain; b′r′i:, ‘vigour, force’, O.Ir. bríg; b′r′i:hər, ‘speech’, O.Ir. bríathar.

The eclipsed form of initial p′ is b′, e.g. α b′αtə, ‘their pet’; p′i:sə he: b′i:N′, ‘a sixpenny bit’.

Medial and final b′ arises from the same sources as b in §§ 371, 372 before originally palatal vowels. b′ is far from being as frequent as b and a number of words in which it occurs are somewhat obscure. Examples – k′i:b′, ‘sedge’, Di. cíb; k′l′ib′i:n′, ‘lump of dirt on the legs of a beast, matted hair on a person’, Di. clib, Macbain cliob, cp. ʃïn′ ɛən çl′ib′i:n′ əwα̃:n′, ‘that is all one kettle of fish’; rïb′ə, ‘hair’, Di. ribe, ruibe, Macbain rib, ribeag < Engl. riban. In foreign words < p in eb′r′αn, ‘April’, Lat. aprilis (see ZCP. i 358); ïb′r′uw, ‘to work’, ïb′r′i:, ‘workman’, cp. O.Ir. oipred; p′ïb′ər, ‘pepper’, Lat. piper.

b′ has been analogically substituted for v in b′ig′il′, ‘abstinence, vigil’, < Lat. vigilia; b′i:ʃ ‘vice’, < Engl. ‘vice’. d′ir′ib′, ‘the name of a creeping thing that lives at the bottom of pools and is liable to be swallowed by cattle’, = Di. doirbh.

sïb′əLtə, ‘impudent’, seems to correspond to O’R. sodalta, Macbain saidealta, cp. Di. sotal.

t is formed by firmly pressing the front rim of the tongue against the upper teeth as in the case of L and N. The compression is very great and as contact is loosened very gradually a θ glide is distinctly heard. For t as a lenis see § 438.

Initial t represents O.Ir. t before a, o, u or preceding r, l followed by these vowels, e.g. tαluw, ‘land’, O.Ir. talam; tαrgir′ə, ‘prophet’, cp. O.Ir. tairrngire; tαruw, ‘bull’, O.Ir. tarb; tïg′əm, ‘I understand’, O.Ir. tuiccim; tɔl′, ‘will’, O.Ir. tol; tɔruw, ‘fruit’, M.Ir. torad; to:gæl′ ‘to raise’, M.Ir. tócbáil; tui (çαhə), ‘rainbow’, O.Ir. tuag; tyuw, ‘side’, O.Ir. tóib; tlUw̥, ‘tongs’, Di. tlúgh; trα:, ‘meal’, M.Ir. tráth; trα:i, ‘shore’, M.Ir. trág, tráig.

t is prefixed in the nominative case to masculine substantives which began with a, o, u in O.Ir. when preceded by the article, e.g. ə tαhær′, ‘the father’. In the case of O.Ir. áis, óis, ‘people’, the t has become part and parcel of the word, e.g. dəN ti:s ɔ:g, ‘to the young people’. t is further prefixed to a feminine substantive with initial s followed in O.Ir. by one of the vowels