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 a variety of forms. Macbain has pìochan, Fournier ceochan, O’R. spiochan.

Medial and final p′ occurs only in inflected or derivative forms of words containing p, e.g. k′ip′i:n′, ‘small stick’, dimin. of k′αp; krɛp′ə, ‘button’, < M.Ir. cnapp. Also in fwïp′ < Engl. ‘whip’.

p′ arises after m′ in t′im′p′iəL, ‘about’, O.Ir. timmchell, cp. o̤mpər § 362.

As p′ and f′ interchange in aspiration, p′ is sometimes wrongly substituted for f′, e.g. in p′iL′uw, ‘to return’, M.Ir. filliud; p′r′iæl′, ‘to fry’, < Engl.

3. b b is the voiced sound corresponding to p. The off-glide is w which we write in this book before palatal vowels.

b occurs initially in a large number of words corresponding to O. and M.Ir. b before a, o, u or l and r followed by these vowels, e.g. bαkαχ, ‘lame’, M.Ir. baccach; bαL, ‘spot’, O.Ir. ball; bα:huw, ‘to drown’, M.Ir. bádud; blα:, ‘flower’, M.Ir. bláth; blα:χ, ‘buttermilk’, M.Ir. bláthach; brα:d′, ‘throat’, O.Ir. bráge; brïN′, ‘womb’, M.Ir. broind (dat.); bɔ:, ‘cow’, O.Ir. bó; bo̤g, ‘soft’, M.Ir. bocc; bwæN′ə, ‘milk’, O.Ir. banne; bwæʃt′əm, ‘I baptize’, O.Ir. baitsim; bwel′ə, ‘townland’, M.Ir. baile; bwiə, ‘yellow’, O.Ir. bude; bwiL′ə, ‘blow’, O.Ir. buille; bw⅄:, ‘foolish’, O.Ir. báith.

b corresponds to O.Ir. m in brαiç, ‘malt’, O.Ir. mraich; blαs, ‘taste’, O.Ir. mlas; brαihəm, ‘I betray’, cp. M.Ir. mrath.

The eclipsed form of p is b, e.g. α bɔ:sit(′) ʃə, ‘if he were to marry’; vi: ʃi α bɔ:guw, ‘she was kissing them’; mər bα:ʃ′t′ə, ‘your child’; Nỹ: bo̤NəNαχə, ‘nine sheaves’.

Medially and finally b represents an earlier bb which generally arose by assimilation and which in O. and M.Ir. is written pp, p, e.g. αbwir′ (imper.), ‘say’, M.Ir. apair with a from atbeir; αbər, ‘mud’, M.Ir. ebor; go̤b, ‘beak, mouth’, M.Ir. gop; g′ïbɔg, ‘bit, morsel’, cp. O.Ir. gibbne; kαb, ‘mouth’, kαbwir′ə, ‘prater’, < M.Engl. gabben; L′αbwi:, ‘bed’, M.Ir. lepaid, lepad; skαbuw, ‘to scatter’, Di. scabaim, scapaim, scaipim; to̤bər, ‘well’, O.Ir. topur; to̤bəN, ‘sudden’, M.Ir. oponn. b corresponds to M.Ir. b after d in L′ɛəb, ‘strip’, M.Ir. ledb. In this case the group db is not the same as db in M.Ir. Medb, Sadb which are