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 spʹrʹeijəm, ‘I spread’, Di. spréidhim; kruijəm, ‘I harden’, Di. cruadh&shy;uighim, but this may come direct from krui, ‘hard’, kruijə, ‘steel’, Di. cruaidhe. Similarly tα꞉jəm, ‘I weld, solder’, Di. táithim, táthaim; grõ꞉jəm,’I gain’, Di. gnóth&shy;uighim, infin. grõuw.

j is lost in mʹi꞉rʹəN, ‘discord’, Di. míghreann.

The prepositions do, de are frequently reduced to ə and when standing before a sub&shy;stantive with vocalic initial, a j or ꬶ is inserted according as the O.Ir. initial was palatal or not. This ə j- (ə ꬶ‑) is usually explained as being a redupli&shy;cation of the do, de and the j (ꬶ) is written dh’ (Henebry pp. 60, 61). In many cases the j (ꬶ) were original&shy;ly doubtless nothing more than glides, cp. the insertion of w §. In parts of Munster this redupli&shy;cation of do has even been extended to the preter&shy;ites of verbs, e.g. do dhól sé for d’ól sé (Molloy, 25th dialect-list). Examples—hu꞉si꞉ ʃəd ə jo̤mpər, ‘they started carrying’; Lα꞉n ə çleiv ə jeiʃkʹ, ‘the basket full of fish’, α lʹɛhəd(ʹ) də jαr, ‘such a man’; Nʹi꞉s mo꞉ ə jïglə, ‘greater fear’; tα꞉ ʃɛ gɔl ə jïmʹαχt, ‘he is going to go away’; tα꞉ ʃïnʹ ə jiNʹtʹiNʹ əgəm, ‘that is my intention’; ho̤g ʃɛ bɔ꞉ əNə welʹə ə jinʹigʹiLʹtʹ, ‘he brought a cow home to graze’; əmwiç sə ti꞉w o jαs də jeirʹiNʹ, ‘down in the south of Ireland’; hu꞉si꞉ ʃi꞉ ə jiçə ætʹəni꞉, ‘she started eating furze’; ə jɛəNtɔ꞉r̥i꞉s, ‘at one birth’; tα꞉ ʃɛ jiəχfwi꞉ ɔrəm, ‘it is incumbent upon me’, = de fhiach&shy;aibh, v. Dinneen; ə jæNʹænʹ (gə), ‘although’, v. Di. aimh&shy;dheoin.

. fʹ, mʹ, bʹ before accented ɔ꞉, o꞉ are followed by j, cp. Henebry p. 40, Dottin, RC. xiv 107. Examples—bʹjɔ꞉, ‘alive’, O.Ir. beó; bʹjɔirʹ, ‘beer’, Meyer beóir; fʹjɔ꞉ləmʹ, ‘to learn’, O.Ir. foglaimm (§ ); fʹjɔ꞉lʹ, ‘flesh, meat’, M.Ir. feóil; fʹjɔ꞉χən, ‘seasoning, drying’, Di. feochadh; fʹjɔ꞉tʹə, ‘seasoned’, Di. feoidhte; fʹjɔχαn, ‘breeze, puff’ (?); fʹjo꞉s, ‘excel&shy;lence’, M.Ir. febas; mʹjo꞉nʹ, ‘means’ (§ ); mʹjõ꞉rʹ, ‘mind’, O.Ir. mebuir. O.Ir. eó became jɔ꞉, eba gave jo꞉ but in the case of all conso&shy;nants except fʹ, mʹ, bʹ the j coalesced with the preceding palatal consonant. The labials as such can only be palatal&shy;ised by raising the tongue into the j position simul&shy;taneous&shy;ly with the loosening of the lip-contact. This renders the assump&shy;tion necessary that Donegal, the Decies (Henebry p. 40) and N. Connaught (RC. xiv 107) have given up palatal&shy;ised labials before other vowels than those mentioned in this paragraph. This I believe to be the case. The Aran dialect and Scotch Gaelic have preserved the j, cp.