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 word seems to have influenced the word for ‘to confess’, ædʹvæLʹtʹ, pres. ind. ædʹi꞉m (Spir. Rose p. 6 aidvimuid); bαkælʹ, ‘hindering’, Meyer bacáil; kα꞉rdælʹ, ‘to card’, Di. cárdáil; sα꞉wælʹ, ‘to save’, sα꞉wæLʹtʹαχ, ‘of a saving dis&shy;position’. Similarly in ɛədælʹ, ‘benefit, boon’, M.Ir. étail; dʹəwælʹ, ‘want, need’, O.Ir. dígbail; ri꞉ʃæLʹtʹə, ‘wizened’ (?). Also in the plural of substan&shy;tives ending in ‑αn, O.Ir. ‑án, skα̃uwænʹ, ‘lungs’, M.Ir. scaman. Other instances—fʹiænʹ, ‘wild’, formed from M.Ir. fíad; kαhærʹ, ‘city’, O.Ir. cathir (the terms for ‘city’ and ‘chair’ have been confused); ɔ꞉kædʹ, ‘oppor&shy;tunity’, Di. ócáid; pαræʃtʹə, ‘parish’, Di. parráiste, parróiste; u꞉sædʹ, ‘use’, Di. úsáid. For ætʹ < α꞉tʹ in ə Nætʹ i꞉nʹαχ see §.

O.Ir. ó gives æ under the same circumstances as O.Ir. á in the preceding paragraph, e.g. kɔrænʹ, ‘crown’, M.Ir. coróin, gen. sing. kɔrαnə; o꞉mwædʹαχ, ‘meek’, Di. ómóideach; u꞉məlædʹ, Di. umhlóid, O.Ir. umaldóit (the word is used in the sense of ‘capacity of vessels’, as tα꞉ u꞉məlædʹ wo꞉r ɛgʹ əN tαihαχ ʃïnʹ, ‘that vessel holds a good deal’, J. H. says it is a Rosses word, ũ꞉wluw is used for ‘obedience’); kau(w)lædʹ, ‘noisy talk’, Di. collóid, callóid (§ ).

In a few instances æ is the result of the reduction of O.Ir. é before palatal conso&shy;nants, e.g. α꞉rNʹæʃ (α꞉rNʹeʃ), ‘stock’, also used humourous&shy;ly [sic] of ‘lice’, Meyer áirnéis; hïnəfʹænʹ, hαnəfʹænʹ, ‘already’ < O.Ir. cena + féin; plα꞉n̥ʹædʹ, ‘planet, weather’, Di. plainéid; strα꞉mʹædʹ, ‘stroke with a stick’, Di. straiméad, stramáid. It is note&shy;worthy that the termi&shy;nations ‑éir, ‑óir give ‑ærʹ in Orrery and Meath (G. J. 1896 p. 147).

Before rʹ we sometimes find æ, where we do not expect it, i.e. there has been a confusion of the endings ‑air, ‑áir, e.g. in αhærʹ, ‘father’, O.Ir. athair; mαhærʹ, ‘mother’, O.Ir. máthir; dʹα꞉r̥ærʹ, ‘brother’, O.Ir. derbrá&shy;thir; Lαhærʹ, ‘presence’, M.Ir. lathair. It should however be stated that this is not the only pronun&shy;ciation, as one also hears ‑irʹ, srαhærʹ, srαhirʹ, gen. sing. of srαhər, ‘straddle’. ‑irʹ is the general ending in the oblique cases of substan&shy;tives in ‑ər; cp. mʹαdirʹ, plur. of mʹαdər, ‘a small wooden vessel’, Di. meadar.

The word for ‘jaundice’ is bwiəχinʹ against Dinneen’s buidh&shy;eacháin.

This symbol denotes the Northern English e-sound in such words as ‘men’, ‘get’ (Sweet low-front-narrow). This ɛ