Page:Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, vol. 35.djvu/872

732 country and on the continent in the Neolithic and succeeding ages. That found in the passage B belongs to the long type (dolichocephali of Thurnam and Huxley, and according to Prof. Morrison Watson is hydrocephalic), while that found in chamber B belongs to the round-headed brachycephali of the same two authors.

The conditions under which the skull in chamber B was discovered were such that it might have been taken to have belonged to one of the Palæolithic inhabitants of the cave, had not the explorations been conducted with all possible vigilance. My experience of cave-exploration compels me to decline to accept any human bones as Palæolithic without the clearest stratigraphical evidence on the point, such as that offered by the human skull found by MM. Lartet and Chaplain Duparc in the cave of Duruthy, Sorde, in the Western Pyrenees. Not only is this evidence wanting in every one of the Palæolithic types from caverns selected by MM. de Quatrefages and Hamy, in their great work 'Crania Ethnica,' now being published, but in the two most important types it points to a contrary conclusion. The long skulls constituting the "type de Cro-Magnon" belong to an interment which is later than the Palæolithic remains in the rock shelter, because they are above them; and the round skulls of the Trou du Frontal are associated with domestic animals and pottery of a kind not uncommon in the Neolithic age. The so-called fossil man of Mentone may be referred to the same date as the polished stone axe found in the cave, and to be seen in the Museum at St. Germain, in 1876. The pottery found with human remains in the caves of Engis, Aurignac, Bruniquel, and Bize is identical with Neolithic pottery, and indicates that the interments are not Palæolithic but Neolithic in date. Pottery and domestic animals were alike unknown in the Palæolithic age.

The long skulls found in the above caves are of the same type as the long skulls referred to the Iberic population of Western Europe in the Neolithic age; and the round skulls cannot be distinguished from