Page:Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, vol. 35.djvu/869

Rh remarked that the horse, so abundantly represented in this stratum in the other caverns, is here only represented by two teeth; while the remains of Bison, very rarely found in the former, are numerous, the vertebræ and horn-cores, so universally eaten by hyænas in the other caves, being here for the most part intact.

The red sandy cave-earth, therefore, represents in this cave the oldest fossiliferous horizon in the others; and the underlying red clay, No. 3, and ferruginous sand, No. 2, are unmistakably to be referred to a still older period, the white sand, No. 1, without fossils being found alike in all the caves of the Cresswell Crags.

If the accompaning list of Pleistocene species be examined it will be observed that in the older period of the red clay and ferruginous sand the animals inhabiting the district were very different from those found in the succeeding deposits in this and the other caverns. While the Spotted Hyæna, Fox, Bear, and Bison are common to both, the former is characterized by the presence of the Hippopotamus and leptorhine Rhinoceros, and by the absence of the Horse, Woolly Rhinoceros, and Mammoth, as well as by the absence of traces of Man.

The palæolithic implements in the above list consist of pot-boilers and rude splinters of quartzite, and one imperfect hache of ironstone of the 'type Acheulien,' similar to that figured in this Journal from the Robin-Hood Cave (Q.J.G.S. vol. xxxiii. p. 593). The Bear (represented by 17 bones and teeth) probably belongs to the Grizzly species, U. ferox, found in the neighbouring caves. The Reindeer is represented by 38, and the Horse by 2, while the Bison and the Hyæna stand at the head of the list with 143 and 114 specimens. The remains of the Elephant, from the upper stratum, are too fragmentary to allow of specific determination.

The Hippopotamus is represented by fragments of skull and the complete molar series of both sides of the upper jaw, one premolar,