Page:Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, vol. 32.djvu/333

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Irish Elk and Reindeer.—The alveolar portion of trie lower jaw, a fragment of a metacarpal, and two molars belong to the Irish Elk, while numerous antlers, some shed, and others torn from the head, teeth, and gnawed bones may be referred to the Reindeer. It is worthy of remark that all these remains are those of adults.

Bison.—Of the Bison it need only be remarked that the remains fall within the limits of measurement of those from Windy Knoll (Q. J. G. S. vol. xxxi. 1875, p. 247). Some of the long bones belong to young animals.

Wild Boar.—A small fragment of jaw containing the first three premolars proves that the Wild Boar also lived in the district during the time of the accumulation of the breccia.

The Horse and Woolly Rhinoceros.—The teeth and the bones of Horses prove that the adults were here with their foals: and this may also be observed of the Woolly Rhinoceroses, the milk-teeth of which amounted to 19, or very nearly one third of the total number of teeth of that animal in the cave. All the long bones are gnawed to the usual patterns (see 'Cave-hunting,' p. 314 et seq.). The humeri have been docked of their proximal, the ulnæ of their distal ends, while the radii, femora, and tibiæ are represented merely by the stout middle portion of the shaft; and in all, the nutriment stored in the cancellous portion of the interior of the bones has been scooped out by the jaws and tongues of the Hyænas.

Mammoth.—Five out of the six molars of Mammoth belong to the milk-series, and three of them are dm 2. The true molar is a stump worn down to the fangs. There are also fragments of tusks and of bones.

The Hare.—The split and broken bones of the Hare were very abundant in the breccia; and that animal had formed the principal food of the inhabitants during the time of its accumulation. All the long bones had been split for the sake of their contents. There are also numerous jaws and teeth of Arvicola.

The traces of Man found in the cave in association with the extinct mammalia, consist of fragments of charcoal, and implements of antler and mammoth-tooth, of quartzite, ironstone, greenstone, and of flint.

An awl, pin, or possibly a lance-head, has been fashioned out of